Thinking Realities of Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Assignment

Thinking Realities of Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow - Assignment Example (Singleton, 2010, p. 143) There has been a considerable shift in the perception of a â€Å"good nurse† over the years. Traditionally, literature concerning nursing ethics indicates that the merits of the nurse included such qualities like being respectful towards authority (especially of medicine), being loyal to duty, being careful, being calm, gentle and clean. Sympathy, concern or any kind of emotional attachment with a patient was discouraged and was considered to be a weakness in the character of the nurse. The early literature also mentions unwillingness to ‘report’ another nurse or defy any unsafe practice. Other essential qualities budding from the ethics literature were obedience, tolerance, serenity, modesty, humility etc. (Begley, 2010, p. p. 527-531)In the past the training of nurses in matters of ethics often focused on things like how to dress and to show respect (etiquette) rather than act upon the moral perceptions of practice (ethics). However, this does not indicate that all nurses were meek and timid and were not able to think for themselves. But in actuality, the culture was such that it did not encourage assertiveness or support challenges to the authorities. (Meehan, 2012, p. 2905) The nursing practitioner today is expected to question and team up with other professionals instead of just obeying instructions of the superiors. Patients’ well being is the first priority and today nurses are accountable for their actions and are given the responsibility to guard the patients from the mistakes and carelessness of others. Today the nurses are expected to have a strong knowledge of their work and they are expected to be sufficiently confident to confront doubtful practice. Based on right knowledge and information, today’s nurse should report any method or behavior or action practiced that is unethical, unsafe, illegal or incompetent in nature. Thus, modern codes of ethics

The Unlived Life of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay Example for Free

The Unlived Life of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay As people look back to past experiences in their life what do they want to remember? Do they want to remember a wonderful life full of expieriences, or a life where they never really lived? The theme of the unlived life in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock manifests through the narrator as he truly embodies the realistic fact that some people out there are introverted, living in fear, and worrying to much about what society does not approve of them. Life is not going to live for one, one must live for life. Introversion is presented throughout The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and presents how one person’s fear can limit their life. The character of J. Alfred Prufrock displays this attribute when he states, â€Å"And I have known the eyes already, known them all – The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase, And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall† (Lines 55-58). This quote gives readers the sense of Prufrocks true insecurities. It also provides evidence into how he wanted to blend in and not really socialize at all. Prufrock again states, â€Å"There will be time, there will be time to prepare a face to meet the faces that you meetâ€Å" This shows how prufrock did not feel ready for society, another form of introversy. It also procides insight into the fact that Prufrock seperated himself from people and that he fealt unready for interaction. Lastly Prufrock again states, â€Å"And indeed there will be timeTo wonder, ‘Do I dare?‘ and, ‘Do I dare?‘â€Å" This hsows how Prufrock was so estranged from society and how introverted he was. It also gives a sense of hope and a want to break this introversy with the statements of â€Å"Do i dare â€Å". Another clear point that is presented by the Author is Prufrock’s life of fear. As Prufrock said,â€Å"With a bald spot in the middle of my hair They will say: ‘How his hair is growing thin!‘†(Lines 40-41) This statement shows how prifrock was so insecure and afraid of what people think. It also shows his clear fear of rejection. Prufrock again states, â€Å"They will say: But how his arms and legs are thin!( line 44) This statement proves the fact that again Prufrock is truly afraid of society. It also shows His total insecurities. Lastly Prufrock says,†Streets that follow like a tedious argument Of insidious intentâ€Å"(Line 8-9) again Prufrock, shows that he even fears the streets of his neighborhood. It also shows how his fear makes him even afraid of the street. Lastly presented was the worrying of what society thinks.And I have known the arms already, known them all – Arms that are braceleted and white and bare[But in the lamplight, downed with light brown hair!] This statement shows his complete fear of what society will think. It shows how he almost feels trapped by societys expectations. Prufrock also states,†Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach?I shall wear white flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach.† This shows how he wants to be set free but does not feel as though it is a possibility. it also shows the fact that prufrock wanted to be free with himself and live but was tied down. Lastly he says â€Å"Time for you and time for me,And time yet for a hundred indecisions, And for a hundred visions and revisions, Before the taking of a toast and tea. â€Å" This last quote shows how he feels the need to revise himself for society. Also this shows his insecurities due to societys pressure. In conclusion the theme of the unlived life in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock comes through as the narrator embodies the realistic fact that some people out there are introverted, living in fear, and worrying to much about what society does not approve of them. It shows that fear becomes an enemy to life and is a component in the detriment of a person’s social status and well being.

Criminology Essays Merton Anomie Durkheim

Criminology Essays Merton Anomie Durkheim Merton Anomie Durkheim How does Merton’s theory of anomie differ from that of Durkheim? Durkheim usefully conceptualised the phenomenon of anomie, and I consider the context in which this occurred. I look at Durkheims examples of crime and deviance and his discussion of social solidarity to clarify how his terms are understood. I discuss how, for Durkheim, anomie was a product of social change, resulting in loss of social cohesion and I go on to examine why, for Merton, the concept needed reconsideration. I examine Mertons view that society is in constant flux and his distinction between anomie and strain toward anomie, between social structure and individual responses, discussing briefly his five modes of adaptation, loosely divided into conformity and deviance. Finally, I identify key points of difference between their two theories of anomie. Emile Durkheim conceptualised the term anomie in The Division of Labour in Society (1893). In this treatise he discusses in detail the subject of social solidarity. Durkheim holds that all members within society are a product of society, bound together by societal bonds. Durkheim used the term anomie to describe lack of social cohesion or relative normlessness, where bonds break down or are undefined. (p.212) According to Durkheim this blurring of societal bonds causes members of society to become detached from societal regulatory constraints that govern and control their behaviour and aspirations, leaving them with no set guidelines within which to act or to aspire, resulting in anomie. Durkheim was a positivist; he was not interested in the study of individuals subjective meanings but aimed to identify and study different social facts. Many forces contributing to anomie can be measured only by their visible effects as some forces are invisible, like gravity. Durkheim studied the observable effects of invisible social forces. Anomie can be observed through effects such as societal disorganization and deregulation, leading to criminal and deviant behaviour but also social facts as personal as suicide (discussed below). Durkheim suggests that an anomic state is more likely to be present during periods of social unrest, perhaps caused by social changes like increases and decreases of economic prosperity, due to the disruption of traditional values (p.201) Durkheim believed that crime and deviance were socially constructed. Durkheim saw acts of crime and deviance as an integral part of society’s temporal transition; he suggested that a certain amount of crime and deviance is an essential component of the healthy functioning of society, and he suggested it reinforces society’s moral code and causes social solidarity, change and innovation. Although crime and deviance could threaten the stability of society, Durkheim suggests that a society without crime would also produce an anomic state. (p.226) In Durkheim’s treatise Division of Labour in Society (1893) he differentiated between two types of societies, characterised by their degree of social cohesion: mechanical solidarity, which has strong social cohesion, and organic solidarity, which has weak social cohesion. Durkheim suggested that society has evolved from a mechanical society, based on similarity, to an organic society, based on difference. (p.226) Mechanical societies describe the solidarity found in traditional societies; these societies existed before the modern industrial era. In mechanical societies communities were smaller, societal bonds were stronger; people shared collective norms and values which Durkheim described as collective consciousness. These societal bonds were reinforced by peoples shared religious beliefs. People in this society performed similar tasks and worked to achieve collective goals which benefited the whole group. In this type of society individuals were not as dependent on each other as later, organic, societies. In mechanical societies everyone was doing similar work and did not rely on others for their needs; they did, however, rely on society to function adequately as a whole: â€Å"In societies where this type of solidarity [mechanical] is highly developed, the individual is not his own master†¦. Solidarity is, literally something which the society possesses.† (Durkheim, ed Giddens, 1972, p.139) Durkheim suggests that anomie was less likely to exist in mechanical societies because of society’s strong cohesion. He states The state of anomie is impossible whenever interdependent organs are sufficiently in contact and sufficiently extensive. If they are close to each other, they are readily aware, in every situation, of the need which they have of one-another, and consequently they have an active and permanent feeling of mutual dependence. (Durkheim, 1893, p.184) The second type of solidarity, organic solidarity, Durkheim linked to complex modern industrial societies, suggesting that they are constituted, not by a repetition of similar, homogeneous segments, but by a system of different organs each of which has a special role, and which are themselves formed of differentiated parts. (p.181) In organic societies the division of labour increases and work tasks become more complex, specialised and individualised. The labour force is divided; therefore individuals are no longer working on similar tasks but segregated to individualised tasks. Members of organic societies are highly dependent on each other to produce what they need. Durkheim suggests that this functioning is similar to the functioning of the human body, all different parts working on specialized tasks to sustain the organism as a whole. However if the organ fails to function it causes the other parts of the organism that are reliant on that part to fail as well. This dependence is significant to the survival of society; healthy functioning of the society is based on the reliance of others. (Durkheim, 1893, p. 226) Organic societies differ from mechanical societies as they are based on differences in individual functions, rather than similarity. These differences can cause members to become detached from society which in turn causes misidentification with society. The breakdown of interpersonal bonds (without which individuals lack guidance and feel detached from society) thus produces anomie. Durkheim noted that Man is the more vulnerable to self-destruction the more he is detached from any collectively, that is to say, the more he lives as an egoist. (Durkheim, ed Giddens, 1972, p.113) This organic form of society, he suggested, was the cause of the decline of social cohesion and integration, and the creation of anomie (p.200). This is demonstrated by Taylor, in his publication Durkheim and the Study of Suicide (1982) Taylors interpretation of Durkheim suggests that suicide is present in modern organic societies because of the decline of social cohesion: Durkheim held that in modern society there were two principle causes of high (and rising) suicide rates: (egotistic) suicide was higher where individuals were not well integrated into collective social life; and (anomic) suicide was higher when societys norms and values were too weak to regulate individual desires and drives The relationship between levels of social integration and regulation and suicide rates demonstrated that society exerted an independent influence over the individual. In Durkheims terms, society was external to the individual, so much so that even such a supremely individual act as suicide had its roots in society. (p.21) Durkheim suggested that when social conditions change, the traditional norms and values needed for public consciousness no longer remain the same. An anomic detachment from societal restraints frees members of society from limits to their aspirations causing anomic suicide. (Durkheim, 1893, p. 203) Durkheim writes in Suicide (1897) that, â€Å"The limits are unknown between the possible and the impossible, what is just and what is unjust, legitimate claims and hopes and those which are immoderate. Consequently, there is no restraint upon aspirations.† (p.253) Robert Merton elaborated on Durkheims work on anomie; however, he did not always agree with Durkheim’s theory. Merton adapted the theory of anomie to a general sociological approach to crime and deviance. He considered that deviance was not caused by sudden social change, as suggested by Durkheim, but was, rather, a symptom of a constantly changing social structure. Merton was writing in America at a time when there was inequality between ethnic groups. Merton observed that not all individuals within society have an equal chance of success; he believed that inequality in society blocked people from attaining the means needed to achieve their goals. Many Americans were aiming to achieve â€Å"the American dream† and he was interested in how they pursued their goals, and whether or not dreams were equally attainable to everyone. (Merton, 1957, p.121) Like Durkheim, Merton held that crime and deviance were caused by society: â€Å"the functional analyst†¦ considers socially deviant behaviour just as much a product of social structure as conformist behaviour†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.121) but Mertons view of deviance is different to Durkheim’s. While Durkheim believed that identifying deviance is a demonstration of society’s norms, and a barometer of cohesion and change, Merton held that crime does not generate social solidarity or social progress and that crime and deviance demonstrate poor societal organization. Merton suggested that society does not evolve from mechanical to organic, but that society is constantly changing and generating new goals if not necessarily the means by which to achieve these goals. (p.121) Merton’s theory of anomie is not easily conceptualized in his writings, as he spoke about both anomie and strain towards anomie, which can be hard to distinguish. For clarity, I have discussed these as if they were two different concepts. Firstly, when Merton talked about anomie, his theory does not refer to the normless societal state identified by Durkheim. Merton suggested â€Å"no society lacks norms governing conduct. But societies do differ in degree to which [such] institutional controls are effectively integrated with the goals which stand high in the hierarchy of cultural values† (p.121) Merton’s theory suggests that there is no decline or undefined presence of societal norms governing behaviour but a disjunction â€Å"between valued cultural ends and legitimate societal means to those ends† (Akers, 2000, p.143). Merton’s anomie theory, like Durkheim’s, can be used as an explanation of deviant and criminal behaviour. Merton held that individual goals and aspirations are regulated by societal restraints unlike Durkheim, who suggested that the anomic state causes no limitation to members aspirations. Merton suggested these societal restraints put pressure on members of society to conform to societal norms. He held that an anomic state is caused by a de-institutionalization of societal norms. This occurs when society emphasizes culturally preferred goals and their achievement but does not emphasize the culturally approved means to achieve these goals: â€Å"any cultural goals which receive extreme and only negligibly qualified emphasis in the culture of a group will serve to attenuate the emphasis on institutionalized practices and make for anomie.† (Merton, 1968, p.235) This disjunction, Merton suggested, is the cause of macro-structural anomie. Mertons structural anomie theory is similar and compatible with what Durkheim suggested as both theories can be used to explain macro-level implica tions of anomie, but the development of the concept of strain allows the application of the concept of anomie to individual experience of society. (p.189) This micro-individual level of anomie, Merton suggested, is caused by strain, and an anomic societal state is needed for strain to occur. In turn, the strain experienced by individuals fosters anomie. Merton’s strain theory can also be used as an explanation of deviant behaviour: â€Å"cultural (or idiosyncratic) exaggeration of the success-goal leads men to withdraw emotional support from the rules† (p.190). Individuals are more likely to pursue illegitimate means to attaining culturally prescribed goals when they are blocked from accessing the institutionalized means to these goals: The social structure†¦ produces a strain toward anomie and deviant behaviour. The pressure of such a social order is outdoing ones competitors. So long as the sentiments supporting this competitive system†¦ are not confined to the final result of â€Å"success†, the choice of means will remain largely within†¦ social control. When, however, the cultural emphasis shifts from satisfaction deriving from competition itself to almost exclusive concern with the outcome, the resultant stress makes for the breakdown of the regulatory structure. (Merton, 1957, p157) Merton also suggested that â€Å"some individuals are subjected more than others to the strains arising from the discrepancy between cultural goals and effective access to their realization. They are consequently more vulnerable to deviant behaviour.† (p.235) Merton described those who are restricted by inequality. This can be used as an explanation of the suffragette movement: women prevented from achieving their goals were provoked into deviant acts of protest. Merton identified five types of response to societal pressure: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. (p.136) The first two modes accept, and the last three modes reject societal rules. Firstly, Merton described conformity which he considered the most common response to strain. It describes the process by which people strive to succeed using the most socially acceptable means they have available to them. This conformity to social values is cohesive of society according to both Merton and Durkheim. The second mode, ritualism, describes individuals who accept they have no opportunity to achieve their goals. These individuals maintain what they have but are discouraged from doing more: they don’t believe they can become more than what they are. In effect, they join the conformists. (p.200) However, not all people conform. The third mode is rebellion; this describes individuals who have rejected the idea that everyone can achieve success. These individuals have rebelled against the system and rejected socially acceptable means to achieve their goals. The fourth mode is retreatism which occurs when individuals choose to drop out of society, give up on their goals and make no effort to achieve because they see it as impossible. Merton suggested this response is associated with drug addicts and alcoholics. (p.267) The fifth mode is what Merton called innovation: innovation describes the process through which people conform to atypical forms of acquiring means; however, they also seek success that would be unachievable without taking advantage of illegal goals available to them. (p. 267)Each of these modes of adaptation demonstrates the individual’s response to societal strain arising from anomie; modes that accept societal pressures are not as likely to pursue illegitimate means. In conclusion, Durkheim suggested that anomie is caused by the undefined presence of social bonds. This undefined presence causes a decline of social cohesion therefore individuals become detached from society and recognise no limits to their behaviour. Durkheim also suggested that anomie is caused by the decline of social cohesion representative of today’s organic societies, and that mechanical societies found in pre-modern societies had a stronger degree of social integration, reducing the occurrence of anomie. However this view was not shared by Merton; he considered that there has been no time when society lacks norms. He held that the presence of societal norms and their pressure on society and individuals causes anomie and strain towards anomie. Durkheim and Merton also differ on when anomie occurs. Durkheim suggested that anomie is present during periods of social change due to the disruption of traditional bonds. However, Merton disagrees as he believes that anomie can be found in relatively stable societies. For Merton transition was not from one specific type of social structure to another but a constant state of flux, with changing goals. Both Durkheim and Merton agree that crime and deviance are consequences of anomie. However, they differed on whether crime has value to society Durkheim held that some crime and deviance is a product of a normal functioning society, reinforcing solidarity and encouraging social progress, while Merton suggested that crime and deviance demonstrates societal disorganisation. Durkheim and Merton’s theories differ most strongly on what constitutes the causes of anomie. Durkheim looks at anomie from a structural perspective, whereas Merton looks at the causes of anomie from both a macro and micro level, giving the theory a more detailed explanation. Merton looks in detail at the individual’s response to societal strain not discussed intensively in Durkheim, as his positivist ontology did not consider individuals internal motives and drives unless they had objective effects. For Durkheim anomie is the effect of the breakdown of societal bonds; for Merton, strain is a mechanism of anomie and can occur during anomic societal states: strain towards anomie describes the individual’s battle to obtain the necessary means needed to achieve their goals. Durkheim suggested that during an anomic state individual aspirations are not limited because of the undefined presence of societal norms; without these norms, he suggested, members of society are deluded as to what is realistically achievable (Durkheim, 1897, p.253). Mertons theory, on the other hand, offers an explanation for why social forces influence some people to commit deviant and criminal acts and why some individuals conform to societal pressures and why some do not. Bibliography Akers, R. (2000) Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application. Los Angeles: Roxbury. Durkheim, E. (1893) The Division of Labor in Society, tr. W. D. Halls, (1984) New York: Free Press. Giddens, A. (1972) Emile Durkheim Selected Writings. London: Cambridge University Press Merton, R.K. (1957) Social Theory and Social Structure. 2ed ed. New York: The Free Press. Taylor. S. (1982) Durkheim and the Study of Suicide. London: The Macmillan Press. Thompson, K. (1982) Emile Durkheim. London: Tavistock Publications.

Life, Death, and the Heroic Archetype Essay -- Heroes Hero Essays

Life, Death, and the Heroic Archetype The heroic archetype is a creative expression borne of the individual's desire to know and to understand the uncontrollable and often chaotic world in which he lives. In the popular culture of America we can find many reflections of the heroic figure; in writing, in the graphic art of comic books, and most certainly in the aftermath of September 11th, heroes are ever present. Our cultural champions speak to our collective need to make sense of the nonsensical and to establish order in both our external and internal worlds. Indeed it is through the internal world of the psyche and the lens of psychological thought that we may gain a better perspective of the fusion of creativity and knowledge that we have come to call the heroic figure. Creative experience and its expression cannot exist without some contextual framework by which it is understood and appreciated. The very survival of all that is creative depends upon such knowledge. Just as a bird released from its cage must eventually return to roost or perish in the wilderness so must our creative thoughts and imaginings eventually return to the reality of the corporeal world and the causal laws that govern it. This is the very nature of that which we call 'learning' and it is in such a way that creative thought gains relevance and weight, becoming part of our conscious reality. It is through this relationship between creativity and knowledge, between that which we imagine and that which we know, that we may gain a greater understanding of the heroic figure and its cultural significance. The archetype of the hero is an expression of our imagination as well as a reflection of our experience. Carl Jung develops this idea in his essa... ...ranz, M-L. "Science and the Unconscious." Man and His Symbols. Ed. Carl G. Jung. New York: Doubleday, 1964. 304-310. Henderson, Joseph L. "Ancient Myths and Modern Man."Man. Ed. Jung. 104-157. Hughes, Kristen E. "I Will Be My Own Hero." Encounters: Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 50-54. Jung, Carl G. "Approaching the Unconscious." Man. Ed. Jung. 72-73. "The Archetypes and the Collected Unconscious."The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. 2nd ed. Ed. Carl G. Jung. London: Routledge, 1990. 393-417. "On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry."The Advanced College Essay. Ed. Don Golini. Boston. McGraw-Hill. 2002. 170-188. O'Brien, Tim. "How to Tell a True War Story." Advanced.Ed. Golini. 439-557. "Policewoman's Remains Found at Trade Center." The New York Times. 21 Mar. 2002: B4.

The Manipulation Of Immunoglobulin Architecture Essay

Immunoglobulins, produced by B-lymphocytes, are the chief go-betweens of humoral unsusceptibility, and lacks at this degree affect the organic structure ‘s response to infection. The use of Ig position in the intervention of human diseases consists of two chief paths that have the intent to augment the concentration and alter Ig in the affected host. On one manus lies the external disposal of human Ig in patients that are wholly lacking or compromised and are considered to profit widely from an endovenous extract. The other is the use of immunoglobulin production via indirect immunisation ( inoculation ) that forces the human organic structure to bring forth a series of Igs that are antigen specific for the peculiar antigen administered via the inoculation path. Immunosupression ( i.e. the lowering of the innate immune response ) has been widely used in malignant neoplastic disease therapeutics and is discussed last.IV ADMINISTRATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN ( inactive immunisation )T he U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) have approved endovenous auxiliary Ig interventions for a series of chiseled diseases such as: primary immunodeficiency, immune-mediated thrombopenia, Kawasaki disease, hematopoietic root cell organ transplant ( in patients & A ; gt ; 20 old ages ) , chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukaemia, and HIV in kids. However, Ig merchandises which are chiefly unfertile, purified Ig G ( IgG ) derived from a pool of givers ( normally 3,000-10,000 ) are besides normally used throughout the universe for the intervention of assorted other diseases such as idiopathic diseases ( unknown cause diseases such as perennial abortions ) and infections. The curative usage of Ig IV interventions consists chiefly of supplying with an increased protection versus infection for immunocompromised patients, may besides assist prevent patients with Kawasaki disease from developing coronary arteria aneurism or increase the figure of thrombocytes in patients who have life endangering idiopathic thrombopenia peliosis ( ITP ) and prolong sustaining of transplants in graft surgery ( Shehata et al, 2010 ) . However, the fact that the Ig is gathered through a pool of givers, poses a important infection menace to the infused persons. Although the hazard for HIV and Hepatitis B transmittal remains low due chiefly to obligatory proving since 1995, the hazard for acquisition of several other viruses and bacteriums, or even smaller life signifiers such as prions and mycoplasma is considered important ( Carbone, 2007 ) . Furthermore, the transfused Ig is non 100 % pure, since it frequently contains little sums of cytokines, CD4 cells, CD8 cells, and human leucocyte antigens ( HLA ) . All the above blood merchandises are known to bring forth and rarefy a important inflammatory reaction to the infused host, and presently the effects caused by these by merchandises of Ig interventions is non sufficiently elucidated. IgG has a half life in the circulation of about 21 yearss, so endovenous extracts of about 600 milligrams of IgG per kilogram organic structure weight given every 3 to 4 hebdomads maintain an IgG degree of about 500 mg/dl ( about 50 % of degrees in healthy grownups ( Quartier,1999 ) . Activation of inflammatory tracts by the extract procedure ( extract related reaction ) or by composites formed by antibody adhering within the receiver host seems a likely mechanism for the inauspicious effects mentioned above. The rate and badness of reactions to endovenous preparations of IgG are greatly reduced by decelerating the rate of extract and by administrating a prophylaxis with paracetamol and an antihistamine. However, its usage is still non accepted in many instances with the illustration of a Cochrane Systematic Review ( Ohlsson, 2010 ) that has late concluded that there is still deficient grounds to back up the everyday disposal of IVIG in babies with suspected or later proved neonatal infection. For instances such as primary lack where immunoglobulins act as replacing therapy and are perfectly indispensable for endurance, new IVIGs have been developed such as the Flebogamma 5 % IVIG intervention ( Ballow, 2009 ) , which is considered to further heighten the pathogen safety border due to pasteurisation and pore microfiltration.InoculationRecent progresss in inoculation include the betterment of viral-vector vaccinums that nowadays remain the best agencies to bring on cellular unsusceptibility and are demoing promise for the initiation of strong humoral responses. Targets range from certain types of malignant neoplastic disease to a huge array of infective diseases ( Draper and Heeney, 2010 ) . The chief job with this design is that the innate immune system readily recognises the viruses and viral vectors used in the vaccinum readying that renders this means insecure for wider usage, such as cistron therapy ( Huang, 2009 ) . The outgrowth of biological stuffs that can impact the immune system is a underdeveloped field aboard immunology. These stuffs can present antigens through specific intracellular tracts, leting tight control of the manner antigen presentation to T cells. Materials are besides being designed as adjuvants, to mime specific ‘hazardous ‘ signals in order to pull strings the attendant cytokine environment, which influences how antigens are farther interpreted by T cells. The development of contraceptive vaccinums against human papilomavirus has been hailed as one of the most important progresss of recent old ages by most communities and research workers and it is expected to dramatically cut down the mortality in HPV associated cervical and anal malignant neoplastic diseases, but has besides given rise to strict scientific argument ( Hampl, 2009 ) .IDIOTYPE VACCINATIONIn hematologic malignances, the spread of usage of a different type of inoculation is idiotype B-cell inoculation. Each patient ‘s B-cell malignance is normally derived from a individual expanded B-cell ringer, which expresses an Ig ( Ig ) with a alone idiotype ( Id, variable parts of Ig ) . Therefore, this idiotype can be regarded as possible mark in clinical malignant neoplastic disease inoculation attacks against the clonal B cell line. Currently it is a non-approved, experimental curative option for patients with lymphoma and myeloma. The pertinence of Id vaccinums for B-cell malignances such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma demands to be farther tested ( Inoges, 2010 ) .OTHER TYPES OF IMMUNOMODULATIONSystemic immunomodulation, besides known as accessory therapy, has been a intervention mode in a assortment of clinical diseases to hike the immune response even though the antigens are non ever known or are sick defined. Systemic immunomodulation often consequences in unwelcome effects, most notably autoimmune disease activation.The therapies include:InterferonIn the past several decennaries, IFN has emerged as a major curative mode for several malignant and non-malignant diseases, including hepatitis C, carcinoid tumours, hairy cell leukaemia, and Kaposi ‘s sarcoma. However, apart from the broad side-effect scope profile, IFN is besides found to bring on autoimmune responses with the production of autoantibodies chiefly autoimmune thyroid disease ( ATD ) and thyroiditis ( Kong et al, 2009 ) , ( Tomer, 2007 ) .Interleukin-2IL-2 is used for the intervention of metastatic melanoma. Similar to IFN, IL-2 has been reported to bring on the development of several autoimmune conditions, most notably ATD.Flt3 ligandTo heighten the immune response to a peptide vaccinum derived from a household member of human cuticular growing factor receptor ( Her-2/rat neu ) in prostate malignant neoplastic disease patients, human recombinant flt3 ligand, a growth/differentiation stimulator for dendritic cells, is used as a systemic adjuvant. It is unknown whether the Flt3 ligand can besides bring on autoimmunity.MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIESMonoclonal antibodies ( MoAbs ) have been introduced for the intervention of assorted malignant neoplastic diseases, and their ability to adhere to any specific mark within the organic structure is so used favorably in therapeutics to direct an immune response against the binding tissue site. A recent reappraisal has found little to no infective complications to their usage in ass orted types of malignances, although allogeneic in nature ( Rafailidis et al, 2007 ) .MentionsBallow M. Clinical experience with Flebogamma 5 % DIF: a new coevals of endovenous Igs in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009 Sep ; 157 Suppl 1:22-5 Carbone J. Adverse reactions and pathogen safety of endovenous Ig. Curr Drug Saf. 2007 Jan ; 2 ( 1 ) :9-18. Draper SJ, Heeney JL. Viruses as vaccinum vectors for infective diseases and malignant neoplastic disease. Nat Rev Microbiol.2010 Jan ; 8 ( 1 ) :62-73. Hampl M. Prevention of human villoma virus-induced preneoplasia and malignant neoplastic disease by contraceptive HPV vaccinums. Minerva Med. 2007 Apr ; 98 ( 2 ) :121-30. Hartung HP, Mouthon L, Ahmed R, Jordan S, Laupland KB, Jolles S. Clinical applications of endovenous Igs ( IVIg ) — beyond immunodeficiencies and neurology. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009 Dec ; 158 Suppl 1:23-33 Huang X, Yang Y. Innate immune acknowledgment of viruses and viral vectors. Hum Gene Ther. 2009 Apr ; 20 ( 4 ) :293-301. Hubbell JA, Thomas SN, Swartz MA. Materials technology for immunomodulation. immunotherapy to immune dysregulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Jan ; 1183:222-36. Inoges S, de Cerio AL, Soria E, Villanueva H, Pastor F, Bendandi M. Idiotype vaccinums for human B-cell malignances. Curr Pharm Des. 2010 ; 16 ( 3 ) :300-7 Kereiakes D. , J.Essell, C.Abbottsmith, T.Broderick, J.Runyon ( 2010 ) Abciximab-associated profound thrombopenia: Therapy with Ig and thrombocyte transfusion The American Journal of Cardiology, Volume 78, Issue 10, Pages 1161-1163 Kong YC, Wei WZ, Tomer Y. Opportunistic autoimmune upsets: from Nature. 2009 Nov 26 ; 462 ( 7272 ) :449-60. Ohlsson A, Lacy J. Intravenous Ig for suspected or later proved infection in newborns. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Mar 17 ; 3: CD001239 Quartier P, Debre M, de Blic J, et Al. Early and drawn-out Ig replacing therapy in childhood agammaglobulinemia: a retrospective study of 31 patients. J Pediatr 1999 ; 134:589-595. Rafailidis PI, Kakisi OK, Vardakas K, Falagas ME. Infectious complications of monoclonal antibodies used in malignant neoplastic disease therapy: a systematic reappraisal of the grounds from randomized controlled tests. Cancer.2007 Jun ; 109 ( 11 ) :2182. Shehata N, Palda V, Bowen T, Haddad E, Issekutz TB, Mazer B, Schellenberg R, Warrington R, Easton D, Anderson D, Hume H. The usage of Ig therapy for patients with primary immune lack: an evidence-based pattern guideline. Transfus Med Rev. 2010 Jan ; 24 Suppl 1: S28-50. Shehata N, Palda VA, Meyer RM, Blydt-Hansen TD, Campbell P, Cardella C, Martin S, Nickerson P, Peltekian K, Ross H, Waddell TK, West L, Anderson D, Freedman J, Hume H. The usage of Ig therapy for patients undergoing solid organ organ transplant: an evidence-based pattern guideline. Transfus Med Rev. 2010 Jan ; 24 Suppl 1: S7-S27.

Nectar Boutique

Nectar Boutique Nectar Boutique is an e-commerce website that sells women and children’s clothing, shoes and other accessories. It also sell household goods, although their specialty is mainly clothing. In addition to selling their products online, they have brick and mortar boutiques situated at two locations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nectar Boutique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That is, Claremont and Redlands in California. Nectar Boutique was founded in 2005 by David Kelly and his wife Tricia, initially starting as a designer shop, Jean Boutique, in Redlands. They started selling their products online in 2011, expanding Nectar Boutique countrywide and then worldwide under www.nectarclothing.com. The boutique continues to grow, with the owners planning to open a new store annually (About Nectar Boutique, 2012). To purchase Nectar Boutique’s products online, all the customer has to do is log in to the bouti que’s website, www.nectarclothing.com. The site contains all the details concerning the products for sale, including pictures, sizes, prices and payment methods and options. The customer then chooses the product he wishes to purchase and informs customer care service via e-mail or telephone. After informing customer care service on the specifications and preferences of the product, the customer provides his postal details or physical address to which she wants the product delivered. Specifications could be in terms of the color and size. The most commonly used payment method is through credit card. The customer provides Nectar Boutique with his credit card number, facilitating the payment of the product together with the shipping costs. Once this is done, the product is delivered via post or to the customer’s doorstep, depending on the distance from the nearest store (About Nectar Boutique, 2012). As a business entity, Nectar Boutique is very reliable. This is shown by the positive reviews that the boutique gets from its customers. They have fine tuned their product mix with experience in the industry stretching several years. The boutique associates only with manufacturers of brands that make the best quality products at affordable prices. Such brands provide them with products that are of high quality and of the latest fashions at affordable wholesale prices. This enables them to sell their products cheaply. One attractive feature of their products is that they sell their products both online and through physical stores. This provides customers with a wide variety of avenues to make purchases. In addition, they offer free shipping for bulk purchases exceeding a given amount. They also offer free gifts for every purchase (About Nectar Boutique, 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Perhaps the only unfavorable aspect about Nec tar Boutique is that they do not have many stores located within the United States. Although they plan to expand in the future, for now customers have to contend with just two brick and mortar stores, all located in California. Moreover, the shipping charges increase for products ordered via the internet from outside the state. However, these are minor setbacks that Nectar Boutique is putting a lot of effort to overcome as soon as possible. E-commerce has some aspects that are both favorable and non-favorable. According to Fecenko and Huntley (2003), a company such as Nectar Boutique can have a difficult time convincing people to purchase their products online. This is because there is a lot of competition, with companies having to win the trust of customers before they can make any sales. Having customers access an e-commerce website is one thing, but making them provide their credit card number and make a purchase is another thing altogether. However, e-commerce enables businesses to reach more customs, since there are no geographical limitations. References About Nectar Boutique. (2012). Nectar Boutique. Retrieved from https://nectarclothing.com/ Fecenko, M. Huntley, A. M. (2003). E-commerce: corporate-commercial aspects. Toronto, Canada: LexisNexis

Vasco da Gama

The explorations and accomplishments of Vasco da Gama changed Portugal from a poor nation to one of the worlds greatest powers. His persona and exploits distinguished him as an influential pioneer who helped shape Portugal as a nation for the next 100 years. Vasco da Gama was born sometime in the 1460s near the Portuguese capital of Lisbon. Born into a wealthy and respected family of high-ranking soldiers, Gama also trained to be a soldier, although he was more interested in boats and navigation. When Gama was appointed to man an African slave boat on a small mission, he showed his skills as a navigator and was eventually promoted to captain. Over time, Gama became known as a talented navigator. Gama set out on his most important journey on July 8, 1497, sailing around the Cape of Good Hope to find a sea route to India. Portugal was hoping to establish direct trade with India to avoid the high tariffs charged by Arabs, who controlled trade throughout the Mediterranean at the time. The lucrative spice trade would increase Portugals wealth immeasurably. Gama consulted Bartolomeu Dias, the only man to sail around the Cape, about potential dangers and the most efficient way of circling the Cape. Dias advised him to go in a large arc to avoid coastal tides and fierce storms. He also told him, One more thing. Watch your men for mutiny. If my own hadnt rebelled I might have reached India seven years ago (Syme 21) . This advice saved Gama time and prevented possible catastrophe. Gama was at sea for over three months without seeing land, the longest period ever experienced by a crew, and was not threatened by mutiny. This was because he had the trust and respec! t of his crew, without which he would have been unable to complete his mission to find the route to India. Gama set off with four ships, the Sao Gabriel which carried about 240 tons, the Sao Rafael , 200 tons, the Sao Maria,150 to...

Asians And Census 2000 Essays - Organization Of Chinese Americans

Asians And Census 2000 Essays - Organization Of Chinese Americans Asians And Census 2000 There are numerous reasons why full participation is in the Census 2000 is important to the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities. The estimated undercount of the Asian Pacific Islander community in 1990 was 2.3%. Because census data is the basis for almost all demographic information used by policy makers, educators, and community leaders, undercounted communities miss out on their fair share of federal funding for services, adequate governmental representation, and enforcement of civil rights laws that prevent discrimination. An undercount prevents government and other agencies from planning for and implementing culturally and linguistically appropriate services for the Asian Pacific Islander community. (U.S. Census Bureau) Unfortunately, the Asian Pacific Islander community is at risk for a high undercount in the upcoming census. Undercounts tend to be high in communities in which there are language barriers, resistance to outsiders, suspicion of government, disbelief of census confidentiality, non-traditional household living arrangements, irregular housing, large numbers of children, large proportions of renters, and among people or families who are highly mobile. (U.S. Census Bureau) One important reason for full participation by Asian American and Pacific Islander communities is the need for adequate governmental representation. Reapportionment occurs after every census, which is when political districts are reconfigured to reflect changes in the population. When Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are not counted, they are not assigned the correct number of representatives. It is important that they have a voice in the government. There is a need for political empowerment among the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities, and that can happen only when there is accurate representation, which is the result of an accurate census count. Another important reason for the full participation of Asian American and Pacific Islander communities is the need for community funding. Hundreds of billions of dollars in federal, state, and county funding are allocated each year on the basis of census information. This money is used to support schools, employment services, housing assistance, hospital services, programs for the elderly and disabled, child care, substance abuse prevention, battered womans shelters, and transportation. If there is not an accurate count, the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities will lose out on millions of dollars for community funding. Census information is also used to identify areas that require assistance in languages other than English. For example, it is used to determine whether bilingual material is needed during elections. It also helps government agencies serve the needs of limited English proficient people in education, health care, police and emergency services. This is very important for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders that speak a language other than English, especially in terms of bilingual voting documents, which allow them to participate in the political process. Fortunately, many efforts are being made to ensure that Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are not undercounted in the next census. An Asian Pacific Islander Census 2000 Task Force was formed to organize community education around Census 2000. Community education materials are being translated into the numerous Asian Pacific Islander languages. Bilingual enumerators are being recruited to reach out to non-responding households. These proactive measures will help ensure a more accurate count for Census 2000, which will greatly benefit the Asian American and Asian Pacific Islander communities.

Women's magazine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Women's magazine - Research Paper Example Every page of the magazine is filled with products and articles which make the female readers think that only beautiful, young and thin women are appreciated and accepted by the society. Constant exposure to thin and flawless models has driven ‘normal’ women to believe that they are not worthy enough. The aim of this paper is to understand the psychology behind the graphic and verbal content of women’s magazines and how it affects the female readers. Under the influence of the advertisements and suggestions given in magazines, women are adopting artificial means to change the way they feel and the way they look. Women’s magazines have become a medium of plastic dreams as they are driving women to hate their natural bodies and love the bodies of female models, whose photographs are manipulated with the help of technology to make them look thin and beautiful. Harper’s Bazaar is a fashion magazine. The aim of the magazine is to discuss current trends and news from the fashion world. Its target readers are women of all ages. From the advertisements and the contents of the magazine, it is evident that current trend in the fashion industry is the magazine’s main focus. The magazine if filled with advertisements of beauty products, jewelry, accessories, apparels, fashion news and articles. The issue discussed in this paper is the October 2010 issue with Drew Barrymore on its cover. The cover of Harper’s Bazaar is adorned by Drew Barrymore, one of the leading actresses in Hollywood. Barrymore is a famous personality and has an image of an independent, successful, wealthy, and a strong person. She is well known for her roles in romantic movies. Her fame, independent lifestyle, her dressing sense, bubbly personality and feminine body makes her a right choice to adorn a cover of a fashion magazine. Any person will get attracted to a magazine which has Drew Barrymore on its cover. With

Middle Eastern Humanities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle Eastern Humanities - Assignment Example Kamin Mohammadi: The novelist, journalist and news anchor was born in 1970 in Iran but moved to the UK at a tender age and specializes in the culture of Iran in her works. Mohammadi’s debut piece, The Cypress Tree: A Love Letter to Iran, depicts the author’s physical as well as emotional trip back to her motherland when she turned 27 years old. She campaigns for Iranian culture and took part in writing The Lonely Planet Guide to Iran besides giving lectures on contemporary Iran globally. The Cypress Tree: A Love Letter to Iran: This book is basically Kamin Mohammadi’s memoir, which talks on war-torn Iran which led to her family’s escape to the UK. The book depicts major themes like war and violence, Love, courage and culture. Rashid Rida: He utilized the print to disseminate information aimed at saving Damascus from the hands of absolutist Hamidian administration. Rashid was â€Å"inclined to labor in the cause of religious and social reforms† (Kedourie 126). Rashid and his friend Abduh used the print to further their Islamic law reform ideas to multitudes of students and people outside schools (Browers and Kurzman 35). Both Abu Nuwas and Adonis presented traditional Arabic poetry from within. They both employ the elements of sensibility, event, experience and poetic language in their works (Ouyang 15).

Movie review about MicmacsDirected by Jean-Pierre Jeunet

About MicmacsDirected by Jean-Pierre Jeunet - Movie Review Example He escapes from there and takes up the job in the video shop. One night while spending time leisurely in the video shop he gets caught in a cross fire in the gang war in the street. A bullet lodges in his skull. In the surgery table a surgeon explains different options before him and comically invites a nurse to toss a coin and decide the possible option. The toss decides that the bullet be allowed to stay in the skull. With the bullet in his skull Brazil can go on living; he will be fully conscious though he may get brain storms. But he can die anytime. From the hospital he is thrown back to the street, without job and shelter. He starts performing in the street, with his impersonations of Charlie Chaplin, the eternal tramp of Cinema. During one of his performances he comes across a bearded old lag, an expert criminal called Slammer. This acquaintance leads him to a bunch of outsiders who live under a garbage yard. They live among the heaps of discarded objects symbolizing how disca rded they are from life itself. The group includes the Elastic Girl (â€Å"a sensible soul in a flexible body†) who is a contortionist, a black ethnographer named Remington, a human cannonball named Buster along with the mother of the den Mama Chow whose daughters have disappeared.

Ask week 1 m9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ask week 1 m9 - Essay Example Elaborate on the importance of each of the processes. In order to ensure that the governance framework functions as expected in every company, these processes must be followed. There is a need for concern over the ABC’s external stakeholders due to diverse cultural setting. How important is such a concern? There tends to be conflicts when people from different cultures interact due to differences in their customs and beliefs (Badaracco 1992). However, this should not deter a company from achieving its goals. What are ways through which issues of individual morality and organizational ethical responsibility can be managed? Badaracco (1992), Holt (2006) and McDonald (2010) provide four spheres on how to handle such issues. For example, development of a moral character can be used by managers to adjust morals and ethics to suit the situation prevailing in their environment. What are ethical problems in your organisation? These problems could relate to social cultural, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility (Mele 2011). Any commercial oriented organisation can expect to face such challenges. In the effort to find solutions on how to create a high performance teams, there is a need to identify ways to manage and solve ethical problems. What are some of the issues would you focus on towards this effect. This is important because achievement of a certain goal needs a clear framework of how to achieve it. Why is the selection and recruitment of executives an important workplace-based problem? According to McDonald, 2010, ethics have been considered on different levels among them being the individual level. In addition, the ethical behaviour of leaders is rooted in their personality (Mele 2011). In this regard, recruitment and selection of leaders is one of the many considerations to take in order to ensure a correct individual is hired. Your workplace-based problem involves ethical relativism. Why do you think this

War as Threat to Value of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

War as Threat to Value of Life - Essay Example There was a time when war had been the order of the day, and warriors used to be looked with great reverence and admiration. Somehow, the two Great Wars of 20th century have realized the people the fatal aftereffects of the bloodshed and aggression, where hundreds of thousands of people died and turned wounded and disabled, along with the reversal of financial and scientific achievements man had invented and devised after the hard efforts of many decades. Hence, wars brought ruination to progress, prosperity, unity and moral values, and crush all ethics and quality of human life under their chariot wheels. It is fact beyond suspicion that the history of war is as old as the history of human arrival on the very face of the earth. â€Å"Distinguished philosopher Immanuel Kant emphatically argues that the state of peace among the people living side by side and remaining in constant interaction with one another cannot be remained peaceful, as it is in the nature of man to contain differ ences with other fellow-beings. It is therefore it is war rather than peace which could be stated as the natural one.† (Porter, 2003: 310) One of the most imperative reasons behind the aggression and antagonism against others includes the innate avaricious nature of humans, which urges them to take the life of the rival out of the feelings of envy, jealousy, anger and fear. It is therefore the individuals and nations attack their opponents in order to deprive them of the privileges they have obtained. The Old Testament also narrates the tale of the Abel’s murder at the hands of his real brother Cain, who was killed because of God’s favor upon him in the form of the acceptance of Abel’s sacrifice. (Genesis 4: 1-17) Thus, the flow of first human blood on the earth paved the way towards the series of killings, assassinations, bloodshed and wars for the future generations to come. However, it was an individual enmity that resulted into fratricide; as the human s are still busy in killing their brethren for the last several centuries, yet their lust of dominating over other individuals has witnessed no satiety at all. History demonstrates the very reality that the wars are commenced, inflicted and fought in the sacred name of religion, justice, peace, solidarity, freedom and human rights, where war mongers destroy human societies, cultures and civilizations just to acquire pelf, power, prestige and possession. It is therefore the warfare inflicted upon humanity during ancient Greek, Hellenistic, Roman and Medieval eras just meant to subjugate the weak neighbors in order to snatch their wealth and resources by killing their men, enslaving their women and annexing their territories to their own countries. The European scramble for Asia and Africa during 17th century onward also reflected the brutality and butchery exercised by the big powers upon the weak and defenseless humans just to declare themselves as the world power. The recent war

Substance use and mental health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Substance use and mental health - Essay Example The list of substances that are abused is broad and the method and route of administration also vary. The problem with abusing substances however is not present only in young population but is more diffusely distributed in all ages and social groups. Most common substance abuse found in the same statistical analysis in the general population ranging between age of 16 and 74, that was reported by the participants themselves was cannabis (in 24 %), amphetamines were tried or used by 7 % of the cohort group, 5% ever in their life used magic mushrooms, about 4 % of the cohort population ever in their life used or are still using ecstasy, cocaine, LSD, tranquilizers were used by 3% of the population, other volatile substances and gases were used in 1% of the population and other substances like crack, heroin, steroids were also present in about 1%. There are also other substances that were used but are not listed in this text. Also we must have in mind that this study was based on the sel f-report of the participants so there is a possibility for even larger prevalence of these substances if we consider the population that didn’t report abuse of substances. ... iew Schedule CIS-R, where score above 12 is considered a sign of high probability for neurotic disorder in one person and in participants with score above 18 is considered that psychiatric treatment is necessary (Lewis et al, 1992). They also tested for disorders in the personality of the participants using the SCID-II (Semi-structured interview for making DSM-IV Axis II: Personality Disorder diagnoses). It is a set of questions that are completed by the participants in order to assess the personality disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental  Disorders,  Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). They also used Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry manual to asses for psychosis or more severe psychiatric disorder in the participants. Based on these examinations it was found that abuse of substances was more common in participants who tested positive in some of the screening tests that were used. It was found that 12 % of the people who scored 12 or above on the CIS-R scale (some type of neurosis) had abused substances in the last month before the survey compared to 5% of the other population. Among the specific neuroses it was found that participants with suspicion for obsessive-compulsive disorder had the higher incidence of substance abuse in the previous month (15%). Most significantly it was found that 32% of the participants that were suspected for presence of anti-social personality disorder was found that were abusing some substance in the previous month before the survey. In the group of participants that were diagnosed with psychosis or other major psychiatric disorder no significance in incidence of abusing substances was found. Based on this study we can conclude that neurosis, antisocial personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Leadership - Research Paper Example intelligent guidance that an exceptional leader can provide, the employees and shareholders are motivated towards achieving the goals which management sets out. Likewise, when low standards are set, the employees will not strive to go above and beyond because little is expected of them. As such, expectation has a great deal to do with the differences between good and exceptional leadership. A good manager gets the job done according to schedule, according to the metrics assigned, and follows an ethical process in order to achieve these goals. A great leader not only meets and fulfills the assignment requirements, but inspires his/her employees to such a degree that they are able to accomplish more and greater feats than they previously believed possible. This instillation of belief and success within the team, coupled with the previously mentioned timeliness and ethics, is what powerfully sets apart a great leader from merely a good manager. In regards to question three and the choice offered by two differing styles of management, I would be hesitant to pursue the job with the charismatic leader and would be more drawn to the job of a transformational leader. The reason for this is the fact that I have personally witnessed too many charismatic leaders whose own unique viewpoints ran against the grain of the culture or against the wishes of more senior leadership. Even though these â€Å"rogue† and charismatic leaders sometimes have exceptionally good ideas and ingenious ways to present them and to motivate the employees who work for them, the issue is that at the end of the day, the employee is judged by the quality of the management that represents him/her. If this management is seen as a free spirit, one who is not necessarily a team player, and one who is often so charismatic as to not ascribe to the company culture, the employee’s value within the firm is diminished and as such his/her job security com es into question. Schachter, H. (2012, August

Substance use and mental health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Substance use and mental health - Essay Example The list of substances that are abused is broad and the method and route of administration also vary. The problem with abusing substances however is not present only in young population but is more diffusely distributed in all ages and social groups. Most common substance abuse found in the same statistical analysis in the general population ranging between age of 16 and 74, that was reported by the participants themselves was cannabis (in 24 %), amphetamines were tried or used by 7 % of the cohort group, 5% ever in their life used magic mushrooms, about 4 % of the cohort population ever in their life used or are still using ecstasy, cocaine, LSD, tranquilizers were used by 3% of the population, other volatile substances and gases were used in 1% of the population and other substances like crack, heroin, steroids were also present in about 1%. There are also other substances that were used but are not listed in this text. Also we must have in mind that this study was based on the sel f-report of the participants so there is a possibility for even larger prevalence of these substances if we consider the population that didn’t report abuse of substances. ... iew Schedule CIS-R, where score above 12 is considered a sign of high probability for neurotic disorder in one person and in participants with score above 18 is considered that psychiatric treatment is necessary (Lewis et al, 1992). They also tested for disorders in the personality of the participants using the SCID-II (Semi-structured interview for making DSM-IV Axis II: Personality Disorder diagnoses). It is a set of questions that are completed by the participants in order to assess the personality disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental  Disorders,  Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). They also used Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry manual to asses for psychosis or more severe psychiatric disorder in the participants. Based on these examinations it was found that abuse of substances was more common in participants who tested positive in some of the screening tests that were used. It was found that 12 % of the people who scored 12 or above on the CIS-R scale (some type of neurosis) had abused substances in the last month before the survey compared to 5% of the other population. Among the specific neuroses it was found that participants with suspicion for obsessive-compulsive disorder had the higher incidence of substance abuse in the previous month (15%). Most significantly it was found that 32% of the participants that were suspected for presence of anti-social personality disorder was found that were abusing some substance in the previous month before the survey. In the group of participants that were diagnosed with psychosis or other major psychiatric disorder no significance in incidence of abusing substances was found. Based on this study we can conclude that neurosis, antisocial personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive

Tudors Paper Essay Example for Free

Tudors Paper Essay The English history would not be as it was colorful and interesting today had it not been for the two of the most important icons in the History of United Kingdom: King Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. Their personal life and their political strategies not to mention their contributions to English history is one of the most unparalleled in any time. The royal life had been transmuted to the world of political maneuvers, religious conflict and personal decisions. Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, were not just members of the same Tudor royal clan, more importantly both of them had shaped modern England today. Two leading biographers and historians Garrett Mattingly and Lacey Baldwin Smith, recalled the lives of two monarchs and wrote a biography, in a convention peculiar to their tastes. Other English royal biographers might have treated their works different from the styles of the two, but surely, Mattingly and Baldwin elevated the taste of biographical writing in another playing field. Henry VIII was born on June 28, 1491 from the Tudor family. Elizabeth I, his daughter was born September 7, 1533. Coming from the family of nobility of Welsch, the Tudors reunited the whole of England during their reign. However, their family’s contribution was overshadowed by scandal and impunity. Mackie and Clarendo(1990, p. 190), clearly view the Tudors as the royal family, headed by their predecessors were diplomats of their first rate. They have settled diplomatic relationship with their former enemies and made long lasting truce of peace. The evidence of which is the end of â€Å"War of the Roses†.    This view was kinder tone as a description of the House of Tudors. Historically speaking, during their reign, England made several important decisions for herself but actually personal preferences of her king. Yet, undeniably, the reign of the Tudors was full of their inclinations toward their interests that had strong impact to the national life, religion, system of politics and governance of the entire country. Tudors were not entirely viewed by Mackie, Mattingly, Smith and Garvin. All of them, while had distastes with the rule of each Tudor monarch, none of them actually condemned any sovereign. While Smith has strong words used to chronicle the life of Tudors, most especially King Henry, he left in his spaces room to be defended.   In his book, â€Å"Henry VIII† he said: â€Å"For a king, do like a king; and when Henry learned that James V of Scotland besmirched the role of clean-fingered royalty with the filthy profits of sheep-raising, he warned that such actions cannot stand well with the honour of his estate, and that they would surely cause his subjects to mutter and mutiny. Henry instinctively knew that princes could survive the hatred of their subjects but never their scorn (1971, p. 43). Baldwin never saw Tudors, especially Henry the acclaim accorded to him by other historian-biographers. Henry VIII is the son of Henry VII, the latter being the first monarch in the House of Tudors. It was said that, Henry VIII lived a secluded life in the royal courthouses of the Tudors. He lived outside the confidence of his father’s privies and counselors. His growth as a monarch was characterized by his distinct personal convictions at the expense of his institutions. For instance, the divorce to Catherine of Aragon and the subsequent marriage to Ann Boleyn were the real reasons behind his defection to the Roman Pontiff’s authority. He asserted his royal right in his country and severed the Catholic Churches in England, outside the rule of the Papacy. But this is more personal than a stately decision. The refusal of the Pope to recognize his marital actions, lead him to justify himself and legalize his marital union to Ann Boleyn. However, this decision had made a positive impact to the religious life of the English. Since, the Church of England is under no authority except the king   the Church of England was more open and flexible with in terms of changes and reformation the country has faced. Gavin (1935) had a subtle view, for her the plans of Henry VIII are more nationalistic impression than self-serving act. Gavin relates (p.25) that England is not yet prepared for a woman ruler. Henry VIII has to secure the throne for a male monarch who shall embody the entire nation. For Gavin, unlike Baldwin’s view, her stand on certain royal issues during the late medieval period was more defensive. Unlike Baldwin who used strong indicators of Henry VIII’s mistakes, but were only forborne by the results of his actions, Gavin and Smith had more defensive stance on King Henry’s action. To prove this point, Gavin made this chronicle: Catherine of Aragon, whom he had not chosen himself, failed him: one miscarriage or still-born child succeeded another, and in 1514, after five years of parental misfortune Henryor Wolseypetitioned Leo X to annul the marriage with his brothers wife which another pope had sanctioned, doubting the validity of his own dispensation. Then in 1516 came Mary, who was welcomed, not for her own sake, but as an earnest of the son to follow. No woman had yet reigned in England, and Henry VII had secured the throne, not only by ending a civil war, but by excluding from the throne his mother, from whom he derived whatever hereditary right he possessed. The expected heir never followed Mary, and by 1527 it was certain that Henry VIII would have no legitimate son so long as Catherine remained his wife. He ceased to cohabit, though not to live, with her from that date, and fell a victim to the one grand passion of his life. (p. 25 [italics and undersco re ours]). Note that, Gavin in this excerpt utilized the apologetic language she can use to defend the Tudor Monarch from criticisms. She openly defended the choice of Henry to secure a male heir, because no queen has lead England as sole sovereign. All of the previous queens were just consorts. The subtlety of Gavin as compared to being straightforward of Smith and Smith is evident in her last phrase, ‘victim to the one grand passion of his life’. This statement is but a magnification of her romantic conveyance of an act to justify the king’s directions to justify her marriage and to give religious validity to his separation to the Pope. On another light, Mattingly (1963) had picturesquely described the Tudors, so stately and assertively. Unlike Smith who openly gave emphatic characterization to the Tudors and King Henry, Mattingly gave the scenario with the comments unconsciously buried in the deep of his biography. For her implied diction, she described Elizabeth I, the Tudor, a wise-lady. In the work of Mattingly, Elizabeth I is a strategist than a military chief, a restorer of culture than procter of the land, a compromiser to advance her interest for England mutually than to lead a nation in war. Mattingly had this for a statement:   Elizabeth preferred to have the Spanish bear the burden. To the end, until Spanish guns were heard in the Channel, the English negotiators at Bourbourg were arguing desperately for the solution which seemed to the Queen no more than elementary common sense. Let the King offer his subjects a general amnesty, restore the ancient liberties of the Seventeen Provinces as they had been at the beginning of his fathers reign, and withdraw his troops except for garrisons in the frontier cities. In exchange, the rebellious provinces would return to their allegiance to their legitimate sovereign and declare the Roman Catholic faith the only established religion. Nothing need be said about the toleration of heretic sects (p. 7).   In her words, Elizabeth I,   was still female, she cannot lead a nation to war. But that took her to an advantage. She (Elizabeth) strategize her connections and empowered her military fortresses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The defeat of the Spanish Armada, shocked the entire European kingdoms, the female virgin queen, who had no king consort had defeated the vast naval strength of the Spanish crown, Mattingly described it as Elizabeth’s opportunity to lead the entire England under her own spell, than to be subdued by a foreign king. The efforts and the achievement of Elizabeth I was seen by Mattingly, impliedly as usual courses in the history of her reign. Mattingly gave the comment that, though much celebrated, the defeat of the Spanish Armada should not be seen so heavily as Elizabeth’s legacy. For Mattingly, the defeat of the Spanish people had little or no greater impact to England’s solidarity as a people. Noticeably, unlike Smith or Gavin, Mattingly sees the perspective of common notions of other historians in a different, yet solid view. Note that in the last sentence of this statement, she was convincingly of the belief that Elizabeth’s actions, specifically the defeat of the Spanish Armada, in many ways futile. Mattingly said: It is probable, too, that the victory gave a lift to English morale. It may be that a good many Englishmen, like a good many other Europeans, though not like Elizabeths sea dogs, had doubted that the Spanish could ever be beaten. Now they knew that they could. The thoughtful and the well-informed understood, however, that England had not won a war, only the first battle in a war in which there might be many more battles. England was braced for the struggle. But to say that the defeat of the Spanish Armada led to a sudden outburst of buoyant, self confident patriotism is to read the interpretation of later centuries back into the past. One would search the records of the next two or three years in vain for any specific evidence in support of such a view (p.23)  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it becomes clear that the leaning of Smith was somewhat skeptical if not negative in his narration to the achievement of the Tudors. More so, Smith’s view on King Henry’s creation of the Church of England was seen more personal than nationalistic. Gavin has taken a lighter view, for her, the Tudors and the reign of Henry VIII, needs no less than understanding. These choices made by the King while personal were to secure the succession of the throne and the safety of the English throne. She (Gavin) has taken a more benign stance. On the other hand, Mattingly gave Elizabeth the treatment she portrays. As a woman, she may not have the power to lead the army with dauntless acts but surely she will stage a strategic plan to advance her kingdom’s interests. Mattingly, may not openly be a feminist advocate but her treatment was also fair, yet opposed to the main projection of Elizabeth I, as the pomp, untouchable queen. The latter view of Mattingly is so laid-back compared to Carole Levin’s   (1994) biographical notes on Elizabeth I. She (Levin) openly justified and even sees the reign of Elizabeth, as power struggle of sexes. For Levin the succession of Elizabeth I in the throne is but a clear, manifestation (perhaps the earliest) of the women’s role. During Elizabeth I time, women were subservient to their husbands, but Elizabeth not only transcended her personal tragedies but also penetrated through the norms of domestic views on women to a global and effective female leadership. Thus, her view is to support active gender roles, equality and sex issues. Her concern has a direct leaning, feminist point of view. Levin has this for a chronicle:   Ã‚  A central concern is how gender construction, role expectations, and beliefs about sexuality influenced both Elizabeth’s self-presentation and others perception of her. A crucial question this study examines is how such issues affected the methods of power used by a woman ruler as opposed to the traditional king. The way people regarded a queen and her use of power will also be valuable in answering more general questions about attitudes toward women during the English Renaissance (Levine, p.3).   Ã‚  Ã‚  The sensitivity of Levin to social constructs leads her to be the most gender sensitive of all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lastly, the epitaphs of these biographers will surely vary. For instance, Smith will describe Henry VIII, as â€Å"The Ruler, whose hands are not tied with anyone†. For his views truly reflect the strong will of King Henry to assert his own beliefs. Mattingly may use the lines â€Å"Here lieth a queen, who reign without fear† as Elizabeth I, epitapth. This is only apt for a queen who defied norms and social expectations. Perhaps it will be the same as Levin’s, â€Å"A Queen who outlived, outwit any Kings on earth†, she would strongly assert it for the same reasons. And lastly, Gavin, who is the most laid back of all of the biographers would name, King Henry’s tomb, engraved in gold, which reads: â€Å"A King who died, and believed his own mind and lived by it†¦Ã¢â‚¬    Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The history, intricacies, scandals of the English monarchy might be totally different from their counterparts in Asia or Middle East. Yet their weaknesses and their personal legends bespeaks of one thing: No person in this earth has walked so glorious to ascribe them the power that belongs to God’s.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SOURCES Smith, Baldwin L. (1971).   This Realm of England. New York: Houghton-Mifflin Co, Vol. II Levin, Carole. (1994). The Heart and Stomach of a King: Elizabeth I and the Politics of Sex and Power. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press Mattingly, Garret, (1963). The Armada . USA: Cornell University Press Garvin, Katherine. (1935). The Great Tudors. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press

Impact of Demand and Supply Forces in the Market

Impact of Demand and Supply Forces in the Market In general, equilibrium market price is determined by where quantity demanded meets quantity supplied. This holds true for the property market in the UK, where prices are being driven by large demand for housing and an almost fixed supply of property. This larger demand of housing over existing supply has been the main factor driving UK property prices up in the last 10 years. However, these increased prices cannot last forever, the market (through changes in supply and demand, as well as government intervention) will find a new equilibrium due to factors that will bring demand down again. According to demand and supply theory, for a downward sloping demand curve, as price increases, quantity demanded moves leftward along the demand curve, resulting in a lower quantity demanded. On the other hand, in an upward sloped supply curve, as price increases, then quantity supplied moves rightwards along the supply curve for a higher quantity supplied. In the case of the UK housing market, let’s suppose we had a downward sloping demand and upward sloping supply, which intersected at P0 and Q0. About 10 years ago, the UK economy was starting its upwards growth cycle. This gave people more money which they could freely spend on purchasing property, increasing demand for housing. This increased demand caused the demand curve for property to shift outwards from D0 to D1. With this increase in demand, and the same supply curve S0, prices would have increased from P0 to P1 and quantity demanded and supplied would have increased from Q0 to Q1. However, this increase in demand which caused higher prices would also affect supply, so more builders and developers would want to construct housing in order to fulfil this growing demand. Yet, this increase in supply is always smaller than the increase in demand because of resource constraints—where will you actually build new housing and the time it takes to build such once you have found a place to do so and also because the builders know that others will be building too and so the increased price will not be as high as they initially saw. In the end, the total increase in supply is smaller than the increase in demand. This increase in supply (which takes a bit longer to be reflected in the market than the increase in demand) would imply an outwards shift of the supply curve from S0 to S1. This in itself would then reduce prices from P1 to P2 and increase quantity even more from Q1 to Q2. Since the increase in supply is not enough to offset the increase in demand, the cycl e begins again with another outward shift in demand, since those demanding Q2 at the lower price P2 are willing to pay up to P3, driving demand out again and helping the boom in housing prices. In reality, this increased demand and supply is continuously occurring and the process cannot be explained by the diagrams above. Some believe that part of the real reason why prices are so high right now is because people are buying based on how prices have been behaving and are not arbitraging: instead of correcting each others mispricing, they reinforce it. (Farlow 2004) However, in the future, demand for housing could become lower than supply, which would mean that prices would go down. Given the high prices to date, more developers are building new housing which would imply that supply is increasing. If this continues or even grows, then supply could at one point exceed demand, driving prices downwards. This is unlikely, as when builders are making decisions as to whether or not create new homes they factor in the supply of housing being built by their competitors, which sometimes causes the overall growth in supply to be lower than what some expected. Another factor that could influence a price crash is an economic recession, whereby many people are laid off and their disposable income is reduced. Were this to happen, then demand for property would decline, and again, prices would have to reduce to accommodate the lower demand. A third factor that could influence is if the government increased interest rates dramatically. In this case, the increas e in interest rates would result in two main issues: reducing consumer spending, which would include buying property, in favour of saving money, as savings rates would increase, and secondly, a reduction of people wanting to borrow money for properties, as mortgages would go up. This two-way reduction would also reduce demand for property, with a result of a reduction in property prices. As we have seen above, demand and supply forces can be used to explain how it is possible to get such a continued increase in the prices of UK housing over the last 10 years, beginning with a strengthening of the economy which injected cash into the market. This led to increased demand for housing which was not offset by identical increase in supply, which combined with continued economic growth and low interest rates just continued putting upward pressure on demand for housing and thus increasing prices. There have been many recent articles wondering when this upwards spiral will end but it is difficult to predict. The Bank of England has been trying to intervene by increasing interest rates in the last few months with yet another increase predicted in the near future, but this is not reflecting in a reduction for housing demand. A big factor that could help reduce property prices is a reduction in the overall economy, as occurred in the 1980s, when unemployment hit certain areas an d many were left with little income for buying homes. This, however, does not seem likely, given the pressure to maintain the economic boom. However, there will come a point when the majority of people will be unable to afford any housing due to its continuous price increases, driving demand for housing down. REFERENCES Farlow, A., 2004, â€Å"Part two: The UK Housing Market: Bubbles and Buyers†, Credit Suisse First Boston. Lipsey, R.G. and K.A. Chrystal, 1999, Principles of Economics, 9th edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Buddhist Art in Japan Essay -- Art Artistic Arts Buddhist Buddhism Ess

Buddhist Art in Japan Buddhism had an important role in the development of Japanese art between the sixth and the sixteenth centuries. Buddhist art and religion came to Japan from China, with the arrival of a bronze Buddhist sculpture alongside the sutras. Buddhist art was encouraged by Crown Prince Taishi in the Suiko period in the sixth century and Emperor Shomu in the Nara period in the eighth century. In the early Heian period Buddhist art and architecture greatly influenced the traditional Shinto arts, and Buddhist painting became fashionable among the wealthy class. The Amida sect of Buddhism provided the basis for many artworks, such as the bronze Great Buddha at Kamakura in the thirteenth century. Many of the great artists during this Kamakura period were Buddhist monks, and Buddhist art became popular among the masses with scroll paintings, paintings used in worship and paintings of saints, hells and other religious themes. Under the Zen sect of Buddhism, portraiture of priests became popular. Ho wever, Zen had less use for religious images and by the mid sixteenth century most painting in Japan was of landscapes and secular themes. Buddhist art was introduced to Japan along with the Buddhist religion in 552 AD. Almost all the art produced in this Suiko period in Japan was to do with the new religion. "The introduction of the Buddhist faith had from the very start gone hand in hand with the introduction of Buddhist images." (Munsterberg 1985: 19) These Buddhist images included Chinese scrolls depicting the life of Buddha, at first copied by Chinese priests in Japan, later painted by the Japanese themselves. With the introduction of Buddhism, temples were needed for the practicing of the religion. This consisted of ... ...se Art Kodansha Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. Jarves, J (1984) A Glimpse at the Art of Japan Charles E. Tuttle, Tokyo, Japan. Kleiner, F.S., Mamiya, C.J., Tansey, R.G. (2001) Gardeners Art Through the Ages. Eleventh Edition, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando, USA. Kobayashi, T. (1975) Nara Buddhist Art: Todai-ji. John Weatherhill Inc, NY, USA & Heibonasha, Tokyo Mizuno, S. (1974) Asuka Buddhist Art: Horyu-ji John Weatherhill Inc, NY, USA & Heibonasha, Tokyo Munsterberg, H. (1985) The Arts of Japan An Illustrated History Charles E. Tuttle, Tokyo, Japan. Reeve, J. (1990) Living Arts of Japan British Museum Publications Ltd. London, UK Stanley-Baker, J. (2000) Japanese Art Thames & Hudson, London, UK Smith, B. (1979) Japan A History in Art Gemini Smith Inc. Tokyo, Japan Tsuda, N. (1976) Handbook of Japanese Art Charles E. Tuttle, Rutland, Vermont, USA.

Terry Tempest Williams Refuge Essay -- Refuge Terry Tempest Essays

Terry Tempest Williams' Refuge In Refuge, Terry Tempest Williams weaves together her experiences and relationships with family and nature, two major themes of Refuge, as well as two apparently important aspect of Williams’ life. The book is the story of the destruction of her family and the nature surrounding her, but it is these places that are being destroyed are the same places where Terry Tempest Williams finds comfort before, during and after cancer started to consume her life. I believe on the surface it is nature and family that provides her with comfort, but in actuality, it is something beneath the surface. As a young child, Williams was taught through the Mormon teachings to appreciate nature and family, finding God in both. It is through her Mormon faith that Williams is able to survive the pain, suffering and fear cancer causes her. Williams describes the deep-rooted connection between her Mormon faith and her family in the opening pages of Refuge. Through her family, Williams supported her mother and grandmother through their fatal cancers, while acknowledging that her Mormon faith stresses family and community (Williams 13), providing Williams, her mother and her grandmother with a support network through these difficult times. The National Cancer Institute articulates the importance of this support to a cancer patient, suggesting, â€Å"that having good information and support services can make it easier to cope,† adding, â€Å"friends and relatives can be very supportive,† and concluding with the usefulness of support groups (NCI website www.nci.nih.gov). In Refuge, Williams shows her support by sacrificing her own achievements, stating, â€Å"I have traded my position as curator of education for naturalist-in-resistanc... ...cember 2004): 1210-1214. Spiegel, David. â€Å"Spirituality and Cancer.† Integrating Research on Spirituality and Health and Well-being into Service Delivery Conference. Bethesda, Maryland. April 2005. Death is another beginning and What happens to families after death? 2005. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Site. April 12, 2005 www.mormon.org Spirituality in Cancer Care: Health Professional Version. March 22, 2005. National Cancer Institute Website. April 11, 2005 www.nci.nih.gov/cancertopics/pdq/supportivecare/spirituality/healtherprofessional.com Support for Women with Breast Cancer. October 30, 2003. National Cancer Institute Website. March 30, 2005. www.nci.nih.gov/cancertopic/wyntk/breast/page5 Expressing Emotions Helps Women with Breast Cancer. June 12, 2000. American Cancer Society Website. March 30, 2005. www.cancer.org

Quality Improvement Plan Essay

Executive Summary Today’s educational system is becoming increasingly competitive for both students and institutions. Total quality management is an approach that seeks to improve quality and performance in an organizations operations. It looks at the overall quality measures including managing the quality design and development as well as quality maintenance and improvement. In addition, it takes into account all quality measures at all levels especially for students. Because of quality management we were able to comprehend and seek solution to the problems regarding the uniform policy.We were able to visualize the outcome of our proposal if this could be implemented. I. PROBLEM STATEMENT The following quality issues noted during the actual observation in the standard policy of uniform at Far Eastern University – Business Center: Quality Problem 1: What will be the appropriate actions necessary to enhance the quality improvement of the university’s standard policy regarding its uniform? Quality Problem 2: How will the University encourage the students to comply with the said standards? Quality Problem 3: How will the FEU improve student awareness and obedience with respect to the implemented rules about uniform? Quality Problem 4: How will the university achieve consistency with regards to the rules implemented about the required uniform? Quality Problem 5: What will be the corrective actions needed to stop the piracy of university uniform by external sewers or producers? II. QUALITY TOOL Fishbone Diagram III. ROOT CAUSE OF THE PROBLEM Based on the cause-and-effect diagram (fish bone diagram) we noted the following attributions to the observed quality problem: MANPOWER a. What b. Went c. Wrong MATERIAL a. What b. Went c. Wrong MACHINE a. What b. Went c. Wrong METHODS a. What b. Went c. Wrong MOTHER NATURE a. What b. Went c. Wrong IV.RECOMMENDATION AND BENEFITS Recommendations Benefits 1. The FEU should develop only one standard uniform for both female and male students. (implementation of this matter will be discussed in the next sub heading) This will prevent confusion in identifying FEU students and regulate fair presentation that unity exists in our school. 2. The FEU should provide an orientation per institute before the start of class concerning the guidelines for proper wearing of uniform w/ corresponding punishment for students of non-compliance with uniform policy. (Ex: standard length of girl’s skirts, wearing of rubber shoes, etc.) Specifically, female students are benefited with this in terms of eliminating the erroneous reputation for it will provide pleasing impression to them but it will also promote good character of the school. 3. FEU’s student council per institute should effectively disseminate the new implemented uniform policy approved by the Institute’s Deans and considering enough time for the students to be prepared. Announcing personally increases student’s adherence to the policy and prevents student complaints of information from unreliable sources. 4. All of the said recommendations above would be crucial to maintain so we recommend that FEU should have its own official Tailoring Shop inside the school. Student accessibility and convenience, consistency, less costly service, and prevents delays. V.IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND BUDGET VI. APPENDICES A. GLOSSARY Logistics – refers to the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.† Note that this definition includes inbound, outbound, internal, and external movements, and return of materials for environmental purposes. Process – refers Quality – refers Standard – refers System – refers B. QUALITY FORMS Paste the scanned form (existing and the proposed form to be used) C. REFERENCES ISO 9001:2000, 4.2.2 – Control of Documents ISO 9001:2000, 4.2.3 – Control of Records ISO 9001:2000, 5.1 – Management Commitment ISO 9001:2000, 5.2 – Customer Focus ISO 9001:2000, 5.4 – Planning ISO 9001:2000, 6.0 – Resource Management ISO 9001:2000, 6.1 – Provision of Resources ISO 9001:2000, 6.2.2 – Competence, Awareness and training ISO 9001:2000, 6.3 – Infrastructure ISO 9001:2000, 6.4 – Work environment ISO 9001:2000, 7.4 – Customer-related processes, 7.2.1, 7.2.2. 7.2.3 ISO 9001:2000, 7.5.3 – Identification and traceability Council of Logistics Management, http://www.clm1.org/mission.html, 12 Feb 98) http://www.logisticsworld.com/logistics.htm

A Single-Dose, Randomized

A single-dose, randomized, two-way crossover study comparing two olanzapine tablet products in healthy adult male volunteers under fasting conditions Clinical Therapeutics, Volume 31, Issue 3, March 2009, Pages 600-608 Ahmed H. Elshafeey, Mohamed A. Elsherbiny, Mohsen M. Fathallah Methods: This bioequivalence study was carried out in healthy male volunteers using a single-dose, randomized, 2-way crossover design under fasting conditions.Statistical analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0-72, and AUC0-? was conducted to determine bioequivalence (after log-transformation of data using analysis of variance and 90% CIs) and to gain marketing approval in Egypt. The formulations were considered to be bioequivalent if the log-transformed ratios of the 3 pharmacokinetic parameters were within the predetermined bioequivalence range (ie, 80%–125%), as established by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Both the test product (Trademark: Integrol ® [Global Napi Pharma ceuticals, Cairo, Egypt]) and the reference product (Trademark: Zyprexa ® [Eli Lilly and Company, Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom]) were administered as 10-mg tablets with 240 mL of water after an overnight fast on 2 treatment days, separated by a 2-week washout period. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for 72 hours. Plasma samples were analyzed using a sensitive, reproducible, and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method capable of quantitating olanzapine in the range of 0. 67 to 16. 7 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantitation of 0. 167 ng/mL. Adverse events were reported by the volunteers as instructed or observed by the resident physician, and were recorded, tabulated, and evaluated. Results: Twenty-four healthy adult male volunteers participated in this study. Their mean (SD) age was 24. 7 (6. 2) years (range, 19–41 years), mean weight was 73. 4 (6. 7) kg (range, 64–89 kg), and mean height was 174. 25 (4. 6) cm (range, 168–186 cm).Values for Cmax, AUC0-72, AUC0-? Tmax, t1/2, and the terminal disposition rate constant were found to be in agreement with previously reported values. The differences between the 2 products did not reach statistical significance at P ? 0. 05 (90% CIs: Cmax, 101. 82–124. 79; AUC0-72, 93. 36–102. 04; and AUC0-? , 88. 57–101. 77). The test/reference ratio of these parameters was within the acceptance range of the FDA criterion for bioequivalence. Both formulations were apparently well absorbed from the astrointestinal tract (ie, no specific gastrointestinal tract-related adverse events were reported). Conclusions: In this small study in healthy male volunteers, there were no statistically significant differences in any of the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters between the 10-mg test and reference tablets of olanzapine. The 90% CIs for the ratios of mean Cmax, AUC0-72, and AUC0-? were within the range of 80% to 125% (using log-transformed data ), meeting the FDA regulatory criterion for bioequivalence. Both formulations were well tolerated.